As temperatures climb across central and southern Delaware, many people know to drink plenty of water and avoid spending too much time in the afternoon sun. What many don’t realize is that certain prescription and over-the-counter medications can make it more difficult for the body to stay cool, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses.
According to health experts, several commonly prescribed medications can interfere with the body’s natural ability to regulate temperature, sweat or stay hydrated. That doesn’t mean patients should stop taking their medications, but it does mean they should take extra precautions during periods of extreme heat.
Some of the most common medications that can increase heat sensitivity include diuretics, often called “water pills,” which are prescribed for high blood pressure, heart disease and swelling. These medications remove excess fluid from the body, making dehydration more likely during hot weather.
Certain blood pressure medications, including beta blockers, may reduce the body’s ability to respond to heat by affecting circulation or limiting the heart’s ability to increase its rate during physical activity. Some medications used to treat heart conditions can have similar effects.
People taking medications for diabetes should also be cautious. Hot weather can affect blood sugar levels and may also impact how insulin is absorbed and stored. Insulin and some injectable medications can lose their effectiveness if exposed to excessive heat, making proper storage especially important during the summer months.
Several antidepressants, antipsychotic medications and some treatments for anxiety may reduce sweating or interfere with the body’s temperature regulation. Likewise, certain antihistamines used to treat allergies and medications for overactive bladder can make it harder for the body to cool itself.
Even over-the-counter medications deserve attention. Some cold and allergy medicines can contribute to dehydration, while pain relievers such as ibuprofen and naproxen should be used cautiously if someone becomes severely dehydrated.
Health professionals recommend drinking water regularly throughout the day, wearing lightweight clothing, limiting strenuous outdoor activity during the hottest hours and taking frequent breaks in air-conditioned spaces. Older adults, young children and individuals with chronic health conditions are especially vulnerable to heat-related illnesses.
Experts also recommend talking with a pharmacist or healthcare provider about whether any medications may increase sensitivity to heat. Patients should never stop taking a prescribed medication without first consulting their healthcare provider.
Finally, remember that medications need protection from the heat, too. Most prescription drugs should not be left inside a parked vehicle, where temperatures can quickly exceed 120 degrees. Heat can reduce the effectiveness of certain medications, including insulin, EpiPens and some inhalers.
Knowing how your medications interact with summer heat can help you enjoy the season safely. A few simple precautions can go a long way toward preventing dehydration, heat exhaustion and more serious heat-related emergencies.
